Smartphone Network - GSM, CDMA, CDMA, HSPA, HSPA+, LTE , VoLTE,

Almost everyone uses a feature-packed mobile phone, tablet, or smartphone in the modern tech era. Wireless technology allows devices to connect wirelessly for voice, data, and internet services. This wireless technology operates using radio waves and a network of interconnected base stations to facilitate communication.

Mobile Network and how it works?

A mobile network has many components that work together to give users a flawless connection and experience. Let's examine how it works.

1.  Smartphone device communication.

• The mobile device sends signals using radio waves to the nearest cellular tower, which is called a Base Transceiver Station (BTS).

2.  Base Station Processing

• The BTS forwards the signal to the Base Station Controller, which controls several base stations and helps use network resources efficiently.

3. Core Network Routing

It basically works as a signal identifier, here we see how it works.

• The BSC sends the signal to the mobile Switching Center (MSC), which acts as the central point for connecting calls and messages to other networks.
• If you are calling another mobile user, the MSC routes the call to their nearest tower.
• If you are accessing the Internet, data is routed through the Paket Core Network (PCN), which connects to external networks like the Internet.

4. Network Handovers

• When a mobile user moves from one location to another, the network hands over the connection to the nearest tower to provide smooth and uninterrupted service.

Mobile networks depend on fiber optics, microwave links, or satellite connections to link other network components and ensure smooth communication

 

Types of Mobile  Networks

Over time mobile networks evolved, and with the evolution of networks, we got better speed, capacity, and stronger connectivity. History of different generations of mobile networks.

1.  1G ( First Gen)

• It was introduced in the 1980s, which only supported voice calls and had many drawbacks like it could not be used for data services (no internet), poor voice quality, and security. 

2.  2G - GSM, CDMA ( Second Gen)

• 2 G was introduced in 1990, that is also known as the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)
• It introduced digital voice calls for better clarity, had SMS, better security and encryption, and had a maximum speed of 50 kbps

3. 3G - CDMA,  HSPA,  and HSPA+ (Third Gen)

• It was introduced in 2000, we know this as a CDMA. This allowed video calls, internet browsing, and data transfer speeds up to 2 Mbps. Which was a huge jump in data speed from 2G(50 Kbps).
• letter 3.5G was introduced which offered higher speed reaching 42 Mbps

4. 4G - LTE and VoLTE (Fourth Gen)

• It was introduced in 2010, and supported HD video streaming, playing Moba gaming. It can reach speeds of 100Mbps to 1Gbps

5.  5G MIMO (Fifth Geb)

• It was introduced in 2020, and it uses mmWave, and Massive MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output). That can reach up to 10Gbps and has a low latency of 20-01 ms.

In short

In the Last 50 years, we saw a revolutionary evolution in networks and speed. and we will be seeing 6G shortly. which may offer up to 100 Gbps with AI optimization.